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Rima K Dhillon-Smith, Lee J Middleton, Kirandeep K Sunner, Versha Cheed, Krys Baker, Samantha Farrell-Carver, Ruth Bender-Atik, Rina Agrawal, Kalsang Bhatia, Edmond Edi-Osagie, Tarek Ghobara, Pratima Gupta, Davor Jurkovic, Yacoub Khalaf, Marjory MacLean, Chris McCabe, Khashia Mulbagal, Natalie Nunes, Caroline Overton, Siobhan Quenby, Rajendra Rai, Nick Raine-Fenning, Lynne Robinson, Jackie Ross, Andrew Sizer, Rachel Small, Alex Tan, Martyn Underwood, Mark D Kilby, Kristien Boelaert, Jane Daniels, Shakila Thangaratinam, Shiao-Yng Chan & Arri Coomarasamy.

Rima K Dhillon-Smith ^1,2,3, Lee J Middleton ⁴, Kirandeep K Sunner ⁴, Versha Cheed ⁴, Krys Baker ⁵, Samantha Farrell-Carver ⁴, Ruth Bender-Atik ⁶, Rina Agrawal ⁷, Kalsang Bhatia ⁸, Edmond Edi-Osagie ⁹, Tarek Ghobara ⁷, Pratima Gupta ¹⁰, Davor Jurkovic ¹¹, Yacoub Khalaf ¹², Marjory MacLean ¹³, Chris McCabe ¹, Khashia Mulbagal ¹⁴, Natalie Nunes ¹⁵, Caroline Overton ¹⁶, Siobhan Quenby ⁷, Rajendra Rai ¹⁷, Nick Raine-Fenning ^18,19, Lynne Robinson ³, Jackie Ross ²⁰, Andrew Sizer ²¹, Rachel Small ⁹, Alex Tan ²², Martyn Underwood ²¹, Mark D Kilby ^1,3, Kristien Boelaert ¹, Jane Daniels ²³, Shakila Thangaratinam ²², Shiao-Yng Chan ²⁴, Arri Coomarasamy ^1,2,3,*

¹ Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
² Tommy’s Centre for Miscarriage Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
³ Centre for Women’s and Newborn Health, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
⁴ Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
⁵ Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
⁶ The Miscarriage Association, Wakefield, UK
⁷ University Hospital Coventry, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
⁸ Burnley General Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley, UK
⁹ Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
¹⁰ Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
¹¹ University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹² Assisted Conception Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹³ Ayrshire Maternity Unit, University Hospital Crosshouse, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Kilmarnock, UK
¹⁴ Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, Farnworth, UK
¹⁵ West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
¹⁶ St Michael’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
¹⁷ St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
¹⁸ Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nottingham, UK
¹⁹ Nurture Fertility, The Fertility Partnership, Nottingham, UK
²⁰ Early Pregnancy and Gynaecology Assessment Unit, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
²¹ The Princess Royal Hospital, The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Telford, UK
²² Barts Research Centre for Women’s Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
²³ Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
²⁴ Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
^* Corresponding author Email: a.coomarasamy@bham.ac.uk